First used on USS Farragut (DD-348)

Used on nearly all World War II-era new-construction warships destroyer-sized and larger along with many auxiliaries, merchant vessels and small warships

Also used to rearm older ships such as battleships and USS Saratoga (CV-3)

Britain:  HMS Delhi as rearmed, Ameer class escort carriers, Assistance class repair ships

Brazil:  Marcilio Dias class and Acre class destroyers
 

Post-World War II

USA:  Brooke (FFG-1), Garcia (FF-1040), Long Beach (CGN-9), Albany (CG-10) and USCG Hamilton (WHEC-715) classes

Danish:  Peder Skram class frigates

Italian:  Impetuoso (D558) and San Giorgio (D562) classes

Base ring mounts with integral hoists:  15 - 22 rounds per minute

1) Barrel was chrome plated from the muzzle to include all rifling, the projectile band slope and the forward portion of the chamber.  Total length of plating was 164.5 in (4.178 m) and was 0.00050 in (0.0127 mm) thick.

2) The guns installed on HMS Delhi had originally been destined for USS Edison (DD-439).  These guns had been hand-picked by Edison's first commanding officer, Lt. Cmdr. Albert C. Murdaugh, who had just previously been assigned to the Naval Gun Factory at Washington, D.C.  Much to Lt. Cmdr. Murdaugh's distress, President Roosevelt ordered these guns diverted to Delhi and as a result Edison did not receive her replacement guns until after she had been commissioned and had completed her preliminary trials.  Perhaps as a result of having these hand-picked weapons, the gunnery officer on Delhi reported that during gunnery trials in February and March 1942 that these guns were able to fire 25 rounds per minute with the ready-use ammunition stored in the handling rooms and 15 rounds per minute with the normal supply from the magazines.

3) Projectile travel was 161.34 inches (4.098 m).

Reduced Charge - 3.6 lbs. (1.6 kg) SPDN D282

Reduced Charge - New gun:  1,200 fps (366 mps)

North Carolina (BB-55), South Dakota (BB-57) and Iowa (BB-61):  450 rounds

Alaska (CB-1):  500 rounds

Baltimore (CA-68), Oregon City (CA-122) and Des Moines (CA-134):  500 rounds

Saint Louis (CL-49), Cleveland (CL-55) and Fargo (CL-106):  500 rounds

Atlanta (CL-51):  450 rounds

Pre-war destroyers of the Farragut (DD-348) through Sims (DD-409) classes:  300 rounds

Benson (DD-421) and Gleaves (DD-423):  320 - 360 rounds

Fletcher (DD-445):  350 rounds (420 in later ships)

Allen M. Sumner (DD-692) and Gearing (DD-710):  360 rounds

Others:  N/A

1) Special Common had a windscreen with a thin hood and the body was strengthened to enhance its armor piercing qualities.  Postwar, some Special Common were given a dye bag for spotting.  Available colors were blue, green, orange and red.  Common Mark 32 had a windshield but no cap.  AAC Mark 35 and Mark 49 projectile bodies could be used with Point Detonating (PD), Mechanical Time (MT) or with proximity (VT) nose fuzes.  When issued with MT or VT fuzes they were considered as being AA rounds, but when issued with PD fuzes, they were considered to be HC rounds.  Changing the fuze also resulted in slight changes in the total projectile weight and burster weight.  For example, the Mark 35 with PD fuze weighed 54.3 lbs. (24.63 kg) total with a 7.55 lbs. (3.42 kg) burster.  Controlled Variable Time (CVT) fuzes were introduced post-war.  AAC Mark 35 could also be issued as B.L.&P. or as B.L.&T. for target practice.  Projectiles that used MT or PD nose fuzes had an instantaneous contact type base fuze while a blind plug was used in place of the base fuze for those projectiles using VT nose fuzes.  The AAC Mark 47 was designed as a heavier projectile using new, lighter weight fuzes so as to maintain the same overall projectile weight.  However, the fuzes never appeared, so only a few thousand of the Mark 47 projectiles were manufactured.  Window and White Phosphorous (WP) rounds were available, many as special Mods of the Illumination Mark 30, Mark 44 and Mark 45 projectile bodies.  Chaff rounds were available for jamming different radar types.  Chaff Load Mark 15 was for X-band while Chaff Load Mark 21 was intended for S-band.  Chaff projectiles used a MT nose fuze that triggered a small ejection charge and the loads were dispensed through the base of the projectile.

2) Outfits listed are the design figures.  Pre-war destroyers normally carried about 100 to 150 rounds per gun plus 100 illumination rounds per ship with the balance carried in magazines on Destroyer Tenders (AD).  After 1940, outfits for most destroyers were increased to the design figure plus about 200 illumination rounds per ship.  As the war went on, ammunition stowage on new designs was increased where possible.  Some examples:  Late war Fletcher (DD-445) class carried 525 rounds per gun in magazines plus 50 ready rounds per gun.  Late war A.M. Sumner (DD-692) class carried 422 rounds per gun in magazines plus 50 ready rounds per gun.  The A.M. Sumner class also carried 292 illumination rounds per ship in magazines plus 48 ready illumination rounds per ship.  However, the stowage for pre-war destroyers could not be so greatly increased.  For example, the Farragut class destroyer USS Aylwin (DD-355) had about 250 rounds per gun in magazines plus 50 ready rounds per gun in 1944.  The rebuilt USS Selfridge (DD-357), which had traded her eight SP guns for five DP guns after receiving torpedo damage in 1943, carried about 260 rounds per gun in magazines and 43 ready rounds per gun plus a total of 85 illumination rounds in 1944.  This large increase in ammunition weight resulted in destroyers losing two to four knots in maximum speed from the design specifications.  By 1945, the new battleships in their magazines carried 500 rounds per gun, primarily AA Common and AA VT, plus 40 special types per gun.  In addition, they had 55 ready rounds per gun.  Ready rounds for all ships were stored in handling rooms usually located directly below each mount.

3) Outfits for most ships during the early part of World War II consisted primarily of AA Common plus illumination rounds.  As noted above, changing the nose fuze type allowed these rounds to be used as AAC or as HC.  The Porter (DD-356) and Somers (DD-381) classes as originally built with SP guns carried mostly Common rounds, but they did carry a few AA Common rounds which were intended for use against torpedo bombers and other low-flying planes.  Starting in late 1942, AA VT projectiles were introduced and became increasingly available as the war went on.  By the middle of 1944, most front-line ships had about three AA VT rounds for every one AA Common round.  The usual practice was to fire this ratio at attacking aircraft.  The smoke puffs created by the time-fuzed AA Common rounds allowed the fire control officers to assess and correct the accuracy of the firing control solution and also provided target guidance for the gun crews of the 40 mm and 20 mm AA guns.  VT fuzing reduced roughly in half the number of rounds fired per aircraft shot down.  A notable success with VT ammunition was that of USS Abercrombie (DE-343) which shot down a Ohka (Baka) rocket glider bomb in May 1945, firing only two rounds.

4) Rounds were normally 5.25crh.  Some rounds may have been slightly boat-tailed.

5) The cartridge cases were sealed with cork plugs which extended about 2.5 in (6.4 cm) past the mouth of the case.

6) The Rocket Assisted Projectile (RAP) round was developed during the 1960s.  The rocket engine burned for 40 seconds.

7) Projectiles leave the barrel rotating at about 208 RPS.

8) The illumination rounds burn for approximately 50 seconds.

9) In the early 1950s an anti-submarine projectile designated as EX-30 was under development.  This was a long, fin-stabilized projectile weighing 75.0 lbs. (34.0 kg) and with a muzzle velocity of 300 to 500 fps (91 to 152 mps) intended to be used against submarines within 2,000 yards (1,830 m).  The propellant was inserted between the shrouded tail fins.  Initial testing in 1952 was successful but the project was not further developed.

10) Bourrelet diameter was 4.985 inches (12.66 cm).

11) Cartridge Case Mark 5 Modified was used for Reduced Charges and could hold up to 9.0 lbs. (4.1 kg) of propellant.

12) Some SPD propellant charges had flashless pellets added which gave them a "reduced" flash.

13) Post-war, Brazil, Spain and Turkey set up manufacturing facilities to produce projectiles to USN specifications.

1) At a new gun muzzle velocity of 2,600 fps (792 mps), the AAC Mark 49 had a maximum range of 18,200 yards (16,640 m).

2) This weapon had a maximum slant range of 12,000 yards (11,000 m).

3) RAP round had a maximum range of 23,770 yards (21,735 m).

4) Time of flight for AAC projectile with MV = 2,500 fps (762 mps):
   5,000 yards (4,570 m):  8.0 seconds
   10,000 yards (9,140 m):  22.0 seconds
   15,000 yards (13,720 m):  43.0 seconds
   17,270 yards (15,790 m):  68.8 seconds

1) These figures are taken from USN armor penetration curves published in 1942.

2) It should be noted that US ships during World War II carried only small quantities of Special Common ammunition as the AA Common projectiles were considered to be more useful against a greater variety of targets.

1) Data from "Destroyer Weapons of World War 2."

2) As noted above, AA Common was greatly used during World War II.

    Brazil:  Marcilio Dias (4):  appear to be Mark 21
    Brazil:  Acre (2):  appear to be Mark 21 [stern mounts]

Single Enclosed Base Ring Mounts
    Gridley (2) and Dunlap (2):  Mark 25 [bow mounts]
    Wichita (4):  Mark 30 Mods 0, 4 and 5
    Bagley (2) and Benham (2):  Mark 30 Mods 0 and 2 [bow mounts]
    Sims (3):  Mark 30 Mods 0 and 2 [mounts 1, 2 and 5]
    Benson (3) and Gleaves (3):  Mark 30 many different Mods [mounts 1, 2 and 5]
    Fletcher (5):  Mark 30 many different Mods
    Rudderdow (2) and John C. Butler (2):  Mark 30 Mod 42

    Britain:  HMS Delhi (5):  Mark 30 Mods 6, 7 and 8

    Brazil:  Acre (2):  appear to be either Mark 25 or Mark 30 [bow mounts]

Single Open Base Ring Mounts
    Benham (2):  Mark 30 Mod 1 [stern mounts]
    Sims (2), Benson (2) and Gleaves (2):  Mark 30 Mod 1 [mounts 3 and 4]
    Escort Carriers (1 or 2):  Mark 30 Mod 80

   Britain
      Ameer (2):  Probably Mark 30 Mod 80, but possibly Mark 37 Mod 2
      Assistance (USN AR-17 class) (1):  Mark 30

Twin Enclosed Base Ring Mounts
    Porter (4) and Somers (4):  Mark 22
    North Carolina (10) and South Dakota (8) or (10):  Mark 28 Mod 0
    Iowa (10):  Mark 28 Mod 2
    St. Louis (4), Atlanta (8), Oakland (6) and Juneau (ii) (6):  Mark 29
    Des Moines (6), Baltimore (6), Oregon City (6), Cleveland (6) and Fargo (6):  Mark 32 Mod 0
    Essex (4):  Mark 32 Mod 0, Mod 2 and Mod 4
    Alaska (6):  Mark 32 Mod 4
    A.M. Sumner (3) and Gearing (3):  Mark 38

Postwar Construction
    Single Open:  Albany (2):  Mark 30
    Single Enclosed:  Brooke (1), Garcia (2), Long Beach (2) and USCG Hamilton (1):  Mark 30
    Twin Enclosed:  Danish Peder Skram (2), Italian Impetuoso (2) and Italian San Giorgio (3):  Mark 38

Single Open Base Ring Mounts
    Mark 30 Mod 1:  33,500 lbs. (15,195 kg)
    Mark 37:  34,700 lbs. (15,740 kg)

Single Enclosed Base Ring Mounts
    Mark 25:  42,000-44,900 lbs. (19,051-20,367 kg)
    Mark 30 Mod 0:  40,900 lbs. (18,552 kg)
    Mark 30 Mod 41:  41,400 lbs. (18,779 kg)

Twin Enclosed Base Ring Mounts
    Mark 22 Mod 0:  75,250 lbs. (34,133 kg)
    Mark 28 Mod 0: 156,295 lbs. (70,894 kg)
    Mark 28 Mod 2:  170,635 lbs. (77,399 kg)
    Mark 29 Mod 0:  108,000 lbs. (49,000 kg)
    Mark 32 Mod 0:  105,600 lbs. (47,899 kg)
    Mark 32 Mod 4:  120,369 lbs. (54,598 kg)
    Mark 38 Mod 0:  95,700 lbs. (43,409 kg)

Twin Mounts
   All except Mark 22:  -15 / +85 degrees
   Mark 22:  -10 / +35 degrees

Twin Mounts
    Mark 22:  11.6 degrees per second
    Mark 28:  15 degrees per second

Twin Mounts
    Mark 22:  14.7 degrees per second
    Mark 28:  25 degrees per second

1) The mounting types, designations and quantities shown in this table are primarily for warships "as commissioned" and are mainly the result of my research for a Technical Board essay on USN naval gun mounting production during World War II.  These quantities, Mark and Mod numbers may not be in agreement with some of the published works listed below, but I believe them to be correct.  Besides those ships listed above, this weapon was extensively used on auxiliaries and merchant ships as well as on US Coast Guard ships.

2) The Mark 21 pedestal mount was at the limit of turning masses that could be easily manhandled.  To get to this weight, BuOrd sacrificed shields and ammunition hoists and accepted the resulting lower rate of fire.  Ammunition for these mounts was fed from deck mounted scuttles, from which rounds could be passed to a rack of fuze-setters located on the rotating mount.  Mark 21 bow mounts on destroyers had simple open-back shields while the stern mounts were left open and unshielded.  The bow shields for these mounts were notable for having a bulge on the left side in order to accommodate the fuze-setter rack.  All Mark 21 mountings were originally manually trained and elevated, but RPC was added during the war to most ships with 1.5 hp elevating and 2 hp training motors.

3) The Mark 22 twin mount used on the Porter (DD-356) and Somers (DD-381) destroyer classes was the only SP mounting ever developed for these weapons.  Their low maximum elevation of +35 degrees of elevation was adopted mainly as a weight savings, as it was calculated that these ships would only be able to carry six DP guns rather than the eight SP guns that they actually did carry.  The Mark 22 mounting used a 15 hp training motor and a 5 hp elevating motor.  Most of the destroyers with these mountings lost their No. 3 mount as weight compensation for growth in other areas and those destroyers modernized during World War II had all of their SP mountings replaced with two twin Mark 38 DP mountings and one single Mark 30 DP mounting.

4) The Mark 24 was an improved pedestal mounting that had RPC as designed and was powered by a single 5 or 10 hp motor which worked both elevation and train, along with a 5 or 7.5 hp motor for ramming.  Ammunition supply was in the fixed structure for these mountings.  The Mark 24 mountings were considered to be near the maximum weight possible that would still allow them to be hand worked in an emergency.  Many of these mountings had the familiar fuze-setter racks on the platform, controlled by their Mark 33 and Mark 37 Fire Control Systems (FCS).

5) The Mark 25 was the prototype enclosed base ring mounting.  As best as I have been able to determine, these were only used for the bow mounts on the four destroyers of the Gridley (DD-380) class and for the bow mounts on USS Dunlap (DD-384) and USS Fanning (DD-385).  As such, these last two ships formed a sub-class within the Mahan (DD-364) class, as all other ships of the Mahan class used Mark 21 pedestal mounts in all positions.  Some of these Mark 25 mounts appear to have been replaced with Mark 30 enclosed base ring mounts during the war.

6) The Mark 30 mountings made up by far the majority of single mountings built during the war.  The Mark 30 ran up to Mod 86, with Mod 0 being the original enclosed mounting and Mod 1 being the original open mounting.  The Mark 30 Mod 0 enclosed base ring mounts were first introduced on USS Wichita (CA-45).  There were also semi-enclosed mounts which had the upper half of the shield removed as a weight savings but having a canvas cover to protect the interior of the mount.  Many of the Mark 30 modifications were trivial in nature.  For example, USS Fletcher (DD-445) used Mod 16 in positions 1 and 5, Mod 19 in position 2, Mod 30 in position 3 and Mod 31 in position 4.  The differences were mainly related to the elevation and training limitations inherent in the different mounting positions.  Escort Carriers (CVE) completed during the war used Mark 30 Mod 80 which was a simplified base ring mounting which lacked shields, axial hoists and RPC.  The maximum elevation of this Mod was restricted to +27 degrees as it was installed under the flight deck overhang.  The single open Mark 30 Mod 48 and Mark 30 Mod 51 mountings were simplified base-ring types for auxiliaries and merchant ships and lacked integral shell hoists.  Trunnion height was 58.0 inches (147 cm) above the loading platform.  55 inches (140 cm) is considered the maximum desirable trunnion height when firing at low elevations for a 50 - 55 lbs. (22.7 - 24.9 kg) projectile.

7) Almost all Mark 25 and Mark 30 base ring single mounts had an integral shell hoist on the axis of the mounting which allowed shells to be passed directly to the gun at any angle of train.  Fuzes were automatically set as the shells traveled up the hoist.  Cartridges were passed up to the gun through a scuttle also on the rotating mass.  These base ring mounts with integral shell hoists and cartridge scuttles had the advantage that projectiles and cartridges were presented to the loaders at exactly the same position and orientation regardless of the mount's elevation or training and thus simplified and sped up the loading procedure.  Both the shell hoist and the cartridge scuttle were on the left side of the mount.  Mark 25 and enclosed Mark 30 base ring mountings used a single 10 hp motor to work both elevation and train, a 7.5 hp motor for the hoists and a 7.5 hp or 5 hp motor for ramming.

8) All twin SP and DP mounts were base ring types and were generally similar to single enclosed base ring mounts.  Twin mounts differed from single mounts in that there were twin powder hoists for the cartridges on the rotating structure as well as twin shell hoists.  The hoists for the right gun came up through the deck on the left side of the gun while those for the left gun came up on the right side of the gun.  Twin mounts took about 27 crewmen in the mount itself and in the upper handling room.  Additional personnel were required in the lower handling room during sustained firing periods.

9) All twin DP mountings were equipped with RPC gear and powered by electric motors through hydraulic gear.  Training was by a 4 hp motor while the guns were elevated by a 7.5 or 10 hp motor.  Each gun had a 7.5 or 10 hp motor for the hoists and a 5 or 7 hp motor for the rammer.

10) The Mark 22 SP twin mounting had the gun axes 72 inches (183 cm) apart.  All DP twin mountings had the gun axes 84 inches (213 cm) apart.

11) The Mark 37 was a much simplified single mounting developed by Northern Ordnance, Inc. that was primarily intended for merchant ships and auxiliaries.  This mounting lacked hoists and shields and had a simplified sighting system as it was designed to be used only in local control.  Over 3,600 were built during the war, with about 1,600 of these being used on merchant ships.

12) The maximum, metal to metal recoil distance for most mountings was 19 inches (48 cm).

13) The major differences in weight for enclosed mountings was from the thickness of the shield, which ran from 0.25" (0.64 cm) for destroyer mountings up to 2.5" (6.4 cm) on battleships.

14) All single and twin DP mounting types were designed to allow +85 degrees of positive elevation, with the exception of those altered for specific applications, such as the Mark 30 Mod 80, which was restricted to +27 degrees to allow installation on escort carriers under the flight deck overhang.  Most DP mountings had a maximum negative elevation of -15 degrees, but a few Mods were restricted to -7 or -10 degrees for application reasons.

15) Ramming was power-worked on all mountings and was either pneumatic or by a 5 hp electric motor with hydraulic drive.  This allowed any-angle loading and thus a sustained high rate of fire even at high elevations.  In an emergency, guns could be manually rammed but this could not be done when the gun was at high elevations.  The Gunnery Officer aboard USS Enterprise (CV-6) reported after the Battle of the Eastern Solomons that two of his guns lost power during the battle and that manual ramming reduced their ROF by more than half.  However, this same report credits the 5"/38 (12.7 cm) guns on this carrier with three dive bombers definitely shot down and with others set on fire or forced to abort for a total expenditure of only 97 rounds.

16) Destroyers of the Gridley (DD-380), Dunlap (DD-384) and Bagley (DD-386) classes had something of a mixed battery, as they had enclosed base ring mountings on the bow, but open pedestal mountings on the stern.  USS Benham (DD-397) was the first destroyer with a uniform battery of base ring single mountings, although the stern mounts were still of the open type.  It was not until the larger Fletcher (DD-445) class that destroyers had all of their guns in enclosed mountings.

17) Most of the five-gun destroyers built prior to 1942 had mount No. 3 removed during the war as weight compensation for growth in other areas, such as ASW equipment, light AA and electronic installations.  Some four-gun destroyers lost one or both gun shields on the stern mountings as weight compensation.  The Sims (DD-409), Benson (DD-421) and Gleaves (DD-423) classes started out with three enclosed mountings (mounts 1, 2 and 5) and two open mountings (mounts 3 and 4).  After experience with an Atlantic winter in 1941-42, the open mounts were replaced with open-top, semi-enclosed versions with a canvas cover for weather protection.  Later, as additional weight compensation, mount 3 was removed from these ships.  During her refit in the summer of 1945, USS Shaw (DD-373) was found to be significantly overweight, probably because of the structural strengthening she received during her reconstruction in 1942 to repair damage from the Pearl Harbor attack.  As a result, she was reduced to three 5" (12.7 cm) guns in order to allow for additional light AA guns.  All of her torpedo tubes were also removed during this refit.

18) Some older ships were rearmed with these guns during the war.  For example, in 1942 USS Saratoga (CV-3) was rearmed with four 5"/38 (12.7 cm) Mark 32 Mod 2 twin mountings and eight 5"/38 (12.7 cm) Mark 30 Mod 33 single mountings.  The rebuilt or refitted battleships Nevada (BB-36), Pennsylvania (BB-38), Tennessee (BB-43), California (BB-45), Maryland (BB-46) and West Virginia (BB-48) had their older 5"/51 (12.7 cm) and 5"/25 (12.7 cm) guns replaced with eight twin 5"/38 (12.7 cm) mountings.  USS Idaho (BB-42) was given ten single 5"/38 (12.7 cm) Mark 30 mountings in 1944.  USS Savannah (CL-42) had her eight single 5"/25 (12.7 cm) guns replaced with four twin 5"/38 (12.7 cm) mountings in 1944.

19) USS Yorktown (CV-5) and Enterprise (CV-6) were originally designed with eight Mark 21 Mod 1 pedestal mounts.  During construction, it became apparent that there was not enough clearance around the deck edge for this Mod.  For that reason, the mounts were redesigned to have a lower loader's platform and then designated as Mark 21 Mod 16.  Yorktown was sunk with these mounts, but Enterprise had hers replaced with Mark 24 Mod 11 mounts during her overhaul at Puget Sound in 1943.  Sister-ship Hornet (CV-8) was completed with eight Mark 24 Mod 2 mounts.  These were altered to Mod 6 sometime prior to September 1942.

20) Most USS Essex (CV-9) class carriers were completed with four Mark 32 twin mounts, mainly Mods 0, 2 and 4, and four Mark 24 Mod 11 pedestal single mounts.  Post-war, a few of these ships had their pedestal mounts replaced with Mark 30 base ring open mountings for reasons that are not clear.  By the early 1960s, all of the twin mountings had been removed from those carriers still in commission.  A few of these carriers were modified by this time such that they now carried eight single mountings, two on each corner.  The batteries were reduced during the 1960s, with Essex (CVS-9) carrying four Mark 30 Mod 86 mounts in February 1968, Yorktown (CVS-10) had four Mark 24 Mod 11 mounts as of November 1964, Ticonderoga (CVS-14) had three Mark 24 Mod 11 as of June 1973 and Randolph (CVS-15) carried three Mark 24 Mod 11 and one Mark 24 Mod 6 as of September 1966.

21) USS Independence (CVL-22) was completed with two Mark 24 Mod 11 mounts, but these were removed soon after commissioning at the CO's request.  No other carrier of this class was commissioned with these guns.

22) Some destroyer escorts had the rear of the shield of their bow 5"/38 (12.7 cm) mounting cut off at an angle to allow clearance for Hedgehogs firing directly ahead.

23) HMS Delhi replaced her six 6"/45 (15.2 cm) Mark XII guns with five enclosed Mark 30 mounts which were installed in positions 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6.  Her forward, midships and after magazines were converted to handle 5" (12.7 cm) ammunition.  The magazine formerly used for mount 3 was converted to oil tankerage.  Standard US handling rooms were fitted under the mounts, with dredger hoists in each handling room used to bring up ammunition from the magazines.  British fire control equipment was removed and Delhi was given two Mark 37 GFCS to control these guns during her refit.  Cabling and other electrical and structural work to accommodate British radar equipment was performed in the USA, but no radars were actually fitted until Delhi returned to Britain where Type 285 fire control radars were fitted to the directors.

24) The Brazilian Marcilio Dias class were patterned after the USS Mahan (DD-364) class.  The Brazilian Acre class were originally patterned after the British G-H class destroyers, but the use of USN equipment and weapons pushed the design more towards that of the USS Gridley (DD-380) class.  The gun in No. 2 position on most of the Acre class was replaced with a twin 40 mm Bofors mounting during refits in the early 1960s.

25) According to Danish Naval History, these guns when used on the Peder Skram class frigates were designated as 127 mm Gun K M/60 LvSa2.  These ships lost one of their Mark 38 mountings in order to fit Harpoon Launchers during the 1980s.

26) USCG Hamilton (WHEC-715) was rebuilt starting in 1985 and had her 5"/38 (12.7 cm) gun replaced with a 76 mm (3") Mark 75.

27) Post-war, most of the Fletcher, A.M. Sumner and Gearing classes retained in commission lost one of their bow 5"/38 (12.7 cm) mountings in order to install Hedgehog or Weapon Able/Alpha ASW mountings in its place.  In addition, many Fletcher class destroyers lost their amidships 5"/38 (12.7 cm) mounting as weight compensation for additional electronics.  Also notable was USS Gyatt (DDG-1, ex-DD-712), a Gearing class destroyer which traded her stern 5"/38 (12.7 cm) mounting for a twin Terrier missile launcher.  In contrast, USS Carpenter (DDK-825) was originally commissioned in 1949 with two twin 3"/50 (7.62 cm) mountings, was rearmed during the early 1950s with two twin 3"/70 (7.62 cm) mountings but finished out her career in the 1960s with a single twin 5"/38 (12.7 cm) Mark 38 mounting.

28) The six Cleveland class cruisers were converted during the 1950s to Terrier or Talos missile cruisers had their two stern 6"/47 (15.2 cm) mountings and three stern 5"/38 (12.7 cm) mountings removed.  Four of these cruisers were further modified into fleet flagships and had one of their bow 6"/47 (15.2 cm) and two bow 5"/38 (12.7 cm) removed in order to fit flag and communication spaces.  The Baltimore class cruisers USS Boston (CA-69) and USS Canberra (CA-70) had their stern 8"/55 (20.3 cm) and one 5"/38 (12.7 cm) mounting removed when they were converted converted into Terrier missile cruisers during the 1950s.  Two Baltimore class and one Oregon City class cruisers were more heavily modified into all-missile cruisers of the Albany (CG-10) class and had all of their 8"/55 (20.3 cm) and 5"/38 (12.7 cm) mountings removed during their conversions.  Later they had two single 5"/38 (12.7 cm) Mark 30 open mountings added amidships during the 1960s following a failure to successfully launch missiles during a demonstration.  This failure also led to USS Long Beach (CG-9) adding two enclosed 5"/38 (12.7 cm) Mark 30 mountings amidships at the same time, which were removed during modernization in the 1980s.  All of these gun mountings were of limited use as they had modest fire control installations.  USS St. Paul (CA-73) had her bow 5"/38 (12.7 cm) mounting removed in the early 1960s in order to fit additional staff accommodations.

29) During their modernizations in the early 1980s, the Iowa (BB-61) class battleships had four of their twin 5"/38 (12.7 cm) mountings removed in order to fit Harpoon and Tomahawk missile launchers.

30) In May 1943 the French proposed that the incomplete battleship Jean Bart be finished in a US yard and submitted two designs to the USN for review.  The secondary battery for these proposals consisted of fifteen and seventeen 5"/38 (12.7 cm) Mark 32 twin mountings.  Additional detail on this proposal can be found on the French 340 mm datapage.